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Objective:To investigate the ethics and existing problems of experimental animals in medical experiments and experimental teaching, and to formulate countermeasures so that animal ethics and animal welfare can be truly reflected in medical experiments.Methods:In this study, a "Basic Function Experiment Center Animal Experiment Questionnaire" with 25 questions was formulated from three aspects: the ethical cognition of experimental animals, whether animal experiments are ethical or not, how to view the problems of animal ethics and experimental teaching and the cognition of virtual simulation experiment teaching. Questionnaire was sent to Hubei University of Medicine to investigate the international students of Batch 2017 (5-year program), undergraduates of Batch 2017 (5-year program) and nursing students of Batch 2018 (4-year program) as well as teachers, researchers and employees of laboratory animal center (all with bachelor degree or above). The survey results were expressed as percentage.Results:The recovery rate of the questionnaire in this study was 98.04%(2 451/2 500), among which the practitioners, teachers and researchers in the laboratory animal center clearly understood the ethics of experimental animals, but there was a widespread phenomenon of lagging ethics among the students. For example, 16.24% (398/2 451) students had not received animal experiment ethics education and training, 29.46% (722/2 451) were not clear about animal protection laws and regulations, 7.14% (175/2 451) thought animal experiments were immoral; 29.54% (724/2 451) had vague cognition of animal welfare and ethical knowledge; 25.91% (635/2 451) were not familiar with the operation steps; 9.38% (230/2 451) were indifferent to the extra treatment of animals due to operation errors, 7.83% (192/2 451) chose to give up the experiment in the treatment of animals after massive bleeding, only 5.43% (133/2 451) chose to continue the experiment after timely hemostasis and infusion, and 9.26% (227/2 451) chose to do operations unrelated to the experiment. After the experiment, 2.28% (56/2 451) chose to kill the animals by bloodletting, only 5.51% (135/2 451) chose excessive anesthesia euthanasia, and 1.96% (48/2 451) chose to kill the animals by cervical dislocation and violence. Only 15.79% (387/2 451) chose to remember the dead animal for 2 minutes. Only 32.56%(798/2 451) of the respondents understood virtual simulation experiment, 34.92% (856/2 451) of the respondents thought that virtual simulation experiment or experimental teaching video could be used to replace the existing live animal experiment, 77.56% (1 901/2 451) believed that the construction of virtual simulation laboratory should be strengthened.Conclusion:It is imperative to strengthen the education of students' ethics of experimental animals, which is conducive to the establishment of correct ethics of experimental animals for medical students, so that the "3R" principle and animal welfare can be truly implemented in experimental teaching and scientific research experiments.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine combined with vinpocetine in patients with cerebral infarction.MethodsAtotal of 206 patients with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into a controlgroup and a combined treatment group according to the random number table, 103 in each group. The control group was treated with aspirin and vinpocetine, the combined treatment group received Salvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine injection on the basis of the control group. The serum contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as the serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were detected before and after the treatment. The electroencephalography (EEG) amplitudes and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were recorded before and after the treatment .ResultsIn the combined treatment group, the serum content of MDA was significantly decreased (151.36 ± 11.36 mmol/Lvs.62.23 ± 4.11 mmol/L;t=74.878,P<0.01), while the serum content of NO (110.31 ± 9.51 mmol/Lvs.154.23 ± 12.21 mmol/L;t=28.801,P<0.05) and the serum levels of SOD (55.52 ± 4.47 U/mlvs.85.39 ± 7.21 U/ml;t=35.735,P<0.05) and NOS (115.21 ± 8.39 mmol/Lvs.190.12 ± 11.29 mmol/L;t=54.049,P<0.01) were significantly increased than before the treatment. The rCBF (39.39 ± 2.45 ml/100 g?minvs. 69.95 ± 4.25 ml/100 g?min;t=32.385,P<0.05) and EEG (62.41% ± 4.58%vs.97.02% ± 9.67%;t=31.012,P<0.05) in the combined treatment group were significantly increased than before the treatment. The total efficiency rate in the combined treatment group was significant higher than that in the control group (88.3% vs. 66.9%;χ2=12.343, P=0.004).ConclusionsSalvia miltiorrhiza and ligustrazine combined with vinpocetine has a beneficial therapeutic effect in patients with cerebral infarction, and it is probably associated withincreasing cerebral blood flow and enhancing antioxidant activity.
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Objective To observe the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with Tongbi topical ointment combined with joint cavity effusion flushing.Methods 366 patients of osteoarthritis of knee joint with effusion were collected from May 2009 to March 2013 in Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital,and randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group by random number table method,with 188 patients in each group.The control group was treated with the joint cavity drainage and oral taking glucosamine hydrochloride capsules,the treatment group was treated with external application of Tongbi ointment based on the control group.Leukocyte osteoarthritis-1 beta (IL-1β) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were measured before and after the treatment.VAS and WOMAC osteoarthritis index were used to evaluate the effect.Results Compared with indexes before the treatment,IL-1β[(39.29±7.52) pg/ml,(28.33 ± 5.42) pg/ml] decreased significantly,HA content [(1.41 ± 0.23) μg/L,(3.34± 0.48) μg/L] increased significantly,VAS score [before treatment and 1-4weeks were (7.21±0.35),(5.47±0.34),(5.04±0.32),(4.03±0.24),(2.23±0.15)] decreased and the WOMAC index[(56.17±7.31),(46.32±6.34),(37.17± 5.31),(29.04±3.58),(15.21 ±2.37)] improved significantly in the treatment group after 4 weeks of treatment.There was a significant difference between the treatment and the control group showed (P＜0.05).Combined with the total effective rate of 98.9％ (181/183) in treatment group,the control group of 87.4％ (160/183) showed a significant difference (P＜0.01).Conclusion External application of Tongbi ointment combined with joint cavity flushing was effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with effusion.
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Objective To investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture at Guanyuanshu, Xinshu, Neiguan points on cardiac function after acute myocardial ischemia in rabbits. Methods A total of 36 rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a treatment group. Acute myocardial ischemia was induced with Jugular vein injection of pituitrin. At 10 min before modeling, 1 hour and 1 week after modeling, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and creatine kinase(CK) were determined respectively, the cardiac function was assessed as the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise(dp/dtmax)and the peak left ventricular pressure (LVSP). Results After 1 week of treatment, the serum levels of CK and MDA in the treatment group reduced significantly(120.21±10.67 U/L, 21.35±2.04 mmol/L], compared to the model group (162.37±13.21 U/L, 30.13±2.75 mmol/L) (all P<0.05);the dp/dtmax and LVSP decreased percentage in the treatment group (20%±2.43%, 7.22%±0.97%) decrease significantly compared to the model group (31.5%± 4.14%, 12.19%±2.21%) (all P<0.05). Conclusion Electro-acupuncture of Guanyuanshu, Xinshu, Neiguan acupoints can significantly improve cardiac function after acute myocardial ischemia and protect against acute myocardial ischemia in rabbits.
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Objective To observe the Cordyceps extract on experimental rats with diabetic kidney and to explore its mechanism of action.Methods The rat models of diabetic were established by intraperitoneal injecting streptozotocin.Kidney weight and the index of kidney were measured,and 1,4,7weeks blood sugar,serum creatinine,urine microalbumin and urea were dynamically observed for evaluating Cordyceps extract on experimental rats with diabetic kidney.Results The 1,4,and 7 weeks of kidney weight was (0.662± 0.062) g,(0.670±0.061) g,(0.657±0.063) g,renal index was (0.312±0.041) ％,(0.309±0.402) ％,(0.311 ±0.0317) ％,serum creatinine was (0.51±0.03)mg/d1,(0.57±0.03)mg/d1,(0.52±0.02)mg/d1,albumin was (1.77±0.17)mg/24 h,(1.52±0.19)mg/24 h,(1.56±0.11)mg/24 h.urea was (90.71 ±0.37)mmol/L,(91.57±0.48) mmol/L,(90.56±0.39)mmol/L in the normal control group respectively.While in the model group,the value of kidney weight was (0.879±0.037)g,(0.912±0.038)g,(0.871±0.393)g,renal index was (0.494±0.039)％,(0.487±0.038)％,(0.465±0.235)％,serum creatinine was (3.71 ±0.14) mg/d1,(3.51±0.12) mg/d1,(3.32±0.11)mg/d1,urinary albumin was (7.29±0.22)mg/24 h,(7.11±0.34)mg/24 h,(7.14±0.21)mg/24 h.urea was (109.59± 8.42),(92.52±2.41),(90.71 ±0.67) respectively.Compared with the normal control group these values were decreased significantly in the model group (P＜0.05).In the Cordyceps sinensis group kidney weight was (0.837±0.036)g,(0.747±0.029)g,(0.694±0.357)g,renal index was (0.412±0.024)％,(0.395±0.037)％,(0.361±0.027)％,serum creatinine was (1.44±0.11)mg/d1,(0.81± 0.04) mg/d1,(0.62±0.03) mg/d1,urinaryalbumin was (5.71±0.25)mg,(4.52±0.21)mg,(3.96±0.15)mg,urea was (109.59± 8.42) mmol/L,(92.52±2.41) mmol/L,(90.71 ± 0.67) mmol/L respectively.Compared with the model group these values were decreased significantly(P＜0.05) in the Cordyceps sinensis group.Conclusion Cordyceps sinensis extract has a protective effect on kidney of diabetic rats.
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Aiming at training talents with knowledge,quality and ability and after practicing for several years,our college has showed its feature in the teaching reform of functional experiment,which can be summarized as the organ-centered teaching model with comprehensiveness,informationalization and openness.The article reflects on the forming of the model and fixes on the direction and target in the future in functional experiment teaching.